(Des)criminalização do aborto na América do Sul e os efeitos práticos sobre a saúde da mulher que aborta: um estudo comparativo entre Argentina, Brasil e Uruguai

Abstract

The criminalization of abortion directly affects the lives of women throughout the world. The state, social and affective helplessness that reaches this problem culminates constantly in the violence and death of women, since, regardless of the legal prohibition, abortion is a reality and occurs with or without state support. A number of factors negatively influence the reality of these women as the moral and religion that act as psychological suppressors of the woman using strategies of humanization of the fetus and the stimulation of the "maternal extinct", as well as, attempts to explain some horror about the procedure of the abortion to convince by religious arguments the negative decision on abortion. In addition, the lack of information in both legal and illegal abortions places women in a lottery situation considering the difficulty of access to safe and effective methods. This is repeated in South American countries such as Brazil and Argentina. Uruguay escapes the rule from the legalization of abortion in 2012 that reduced the number of maternal deaths from abortion to zero and halved the number of abortions performed, enabling women to safely perform the procedure and also to carry out planning family. Given this scenario, the present work proposed a practical analysis of the reality of the woman who aborted through the main subjects and influential aspects to understand the consequences of ineffective prohibition, as well as the analysis of abortion in Uruguay after decriminalization, using it as a counterpoint to support the debate on a future legalization of abortion in Brazil, proving the need for the state to act in this scenario. It is emphasized that the analysis of the reports and practical cases are fundamental for the counterpoint of ideas objectified in the research, to be realized through the dialectical method.