Protótipos ético-epistemológicos para a sustentabilidade planetária: a implementação de novos paradigmas adequados à relação entre o ser humano e a natureza

Abstract

The proposal of this study is to contribute with theories that can base the elaboration of sustainable public policies, as well as the construction of Socioenvironmental States on sustainable paradigms, for the realization of the fundamental human right to the environment ecologically balanced and the survival of the planet. For this contribution, the objective was to reflect critically on the concept of sustainability, in its theoretical matrices, seeking epistemological proposals and prototypes that allow an ethical rethinking of the relationship between the human being and Nature, considering the permanence and aggravation of the environmental crisis in the Century XXI. The methodology of environmental rationality of Enrique Leff was used as the guiding thread of the research, once the need found to relate a plurality of knowledge, both scientific and popular, to the proposed analysis. Not only the transdisciplinarity and transversality of the study, but also a research that dialectic that would put into question the scientific methods of Eurocentric Modernity and Modernity itself as a way of understanding coloniality and the events that occurred during European colonization in the Americas, even after the independence of the countries. The study was developed with the analysis of the environmental crisis and the realization that the planet Earth has been dying for several decades, with emphasis after periods of great industrial growth generated by the establishment of capitalist economies. The intervention of the United Nations and the construction of the Socio-environmental States from the mid-twentieth century have sought global interaction to curb environmental degradation and promote sustainability, but the practices adopted since the Stockholm Conference have not yet reached the objectives expected. Sustainability still encounters an obstacle in the cumulative economy and immense social and economic inequalities around the planet. In order to explain this phenomenon, we use the analyzes of Enrique Leff on the unsustainability of the sustainable practices developed by the countries, which are based on economic bases that recognize Nature as a resource to the disposition and that, even understanding the finitude resources and the need to allow Nature to recover exploited areas, disregards this reality in order to continue with the harmful modification of the environment and the use of unregulated fauna and flora. We attribute partial responsibility on the issue to the universalization of the European pattern of development, by industrialization, caused by Eurocentric Modernity. Recognizing that the environmental issue is a question of paradigms, a crisis of knowledge, we use, as a guiding line for proposals of ethical models for sustainable measures, Deep Ecology as the key to the reading of a cosmoethics, proposing a new relationship between beings human beings and the cosmos that respects Nature for its intrinsic, non-instrumental value, and that it recognizes the Other, seeking interpellation through dialogue and respect for differences.