Expansões e exclusões da/na cidade: um estudo da segregação espacial da comunidade de pescadores de Itapoã, em Vila Velha/ES

Abstract

The city is considered with a value of complex use which allows to diminish the time of rotation of the capital and to generate the surplus value. For this reason, capitalist agents worry about where their establishments will be located, to benefit from the overlap of the location, disputing the most profitable access to urbanization. Inserted in this land dispute is the real estate market, which benefits from the improvements made by public power in cities so that the price of land increase. This valorization of the soil due to the capitalist demand for it causes that there is an increase of the urban centers and that the population of the low class is displaced to the peripheries, where the price of the earth is still smaller, creating the pattern of urbanization called center- periphery. The pattern of urbanization in the country was not always the same. It began to take shape as the country's urban centers wanted to face European cities, to give an idea of ​​modernity and fail to reflect the economic backwardness. Several infrastructure and sanitation works were carried out that made the centers more expensive, making the poorer population go to the peripheral area, lacking in good infrastructure. In relation to Vila Velha, its urbanization was due to the exhaustion of the city of Vitoria, which also followed the standard of sanitation mentioned and began to count on the most expensive square meter of the region, forcing the lower class to go to other regions of Greater Vitória, like Vila Velha. This started receiving more significant investments in 1979-1989. However, construction continued to the highest class, continuing the construction of the coastal strip of the municipality. This region is highly selective, due to the price the land has acquired, expelling residents from the fishing community that has lived in the neighborhood for more than 50 years. This community also suffers from the prejudice of the other residents of the neighborhood, who have a greater purchasing power. The fishermen have a relation of belonging with the place that represents their culture and way of life.