Rastreamento genético e direito à saúde: o acesso universal às testagens de predisposição hereditária ao câncer de mama e ovário pelo sus

Abstract

This study analyzes genetic screening as a tool for prevention and equity in public health, focusing on hereditary mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which are associated with a significantly increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. The study contextualizes the concepts, protocols, and purposes of genetic screening, highlighting its relevance in the early identification of hereditary predispositions and the adoption of preventive strategies, such as prophylactic surgeries and intensive surveillance. It then assesses how universal access to screening can be adopted as a public health policy. In this context, it evaluates the experience of implementing this measure in foreign countries, such as Canada, Australia, and the United States. Finally, the study concludes that universalization of genetic screening by the Unified Health System (SUS) represents not only a preventive health measure but also an instrument for realizing the fundamental right to health, promoting social justice, and being capable of reducing costs and saving lives.