Uma análise da teoria de Peter Häberle por meio da legitimidade ativa do cidadão no ajuizamento de ações diretas de inconstitucionalidade no Brasil

Abstract

The following research makes some appointments about the judicial review, especially regarding the active legitimacy for filing declaratory actions of unconstitutionality, as well as for demonstrating the existence of a participative democracy which can be employed for enlarging the list of active legitimates for filing such actions, what could include the legitimacy of any Brazilian citizen. For this, the research is divided into three chapters. The first one contextualizes notions on citizenship, on the Brazilian people formation, on the recognition, and on the demystification of the idea of apathy in such citizens. The second chapter unravels the judicial review through declaratory actions of unconstitutionality, analyzing its evolutionary historic since the foreign and Brazilian roots until its modern features, for, at the end, verify specifically the active legitimacy and some preliminary aspects about the enlargement of the number of interpreters. The third chapter contextualizes the Peter Häberle theory about the open society of the Constitution interpreters to the Brazilian field, demonstrating the crisis of a model merely representative, that makes appear the aspirations for a participative democracy, as well as presenting some examples from the comparative law on the possibility of a constitutional provision about the citizen democratic legitimacy for the judicial review, and then refuting the critics to the enlargement of the constitutional interpretative list presenting a new perspective over the judicial review as a effective possibility of citizen participation in the Brazilian reality, for, finally, concluding for the possibility of giving to citizen the active legitimacy, bringing a democratic enlargement and a large access to the justice, in the terms of the research line “judicial review and fundamental rights and guarantees effectiveness”.