Restrição ao direito fundamental à coisa julgada por inconstitucionalidade: uma tentativa de sistematização da natureza dos vícios, dos seus efeitos e dos instrumentos para seu controle

Abstract

The purpose of the present study is to analyze the restrictions imposed on the institution of res judicata by the Fundamental Law that of the necessity to apply an unconstitutional law and find an appropriate answer to the next big problem, namely: knowing what is the legal nature of the defects leading to the unconstitutionality of the Res Judicata and what are its effects and the instruments to control it? Thus, pretend to develop a certain kind of systematization within the context of the present Brazilian legal system to start an analysis of the fundamentals of such an institution. Based on the existing jurisprudence theories on the subject and given the defects that contaminate a sentence, this work also covers a discussion on the main control devices proposed, so that in the end, it may present a systematization of competent litigation instruments meant to annul the pending sentence on the grounds of the defects it contains in court. The Fundamental Law of the res judicata is highlighted as one of the most important bastions of legal security and, in the opinion of some jurists, deserves to be considered as an absolute dogma, which in practical terms would result in unconstitutional decisions. As a conclusion, it affirms that it is increasingly necessary to contest the idea of an absolute value of res judicata if want to reestablish a constitutional matrix, overlooked by the inadequate legal decisions made in court, and put into effect the Federal Constitution by declaring the unconstitutionality of the res judicata.