A paradiplomacia em ação: a atuação do Estado do Espírito Santo no contexto da agenda climática internacional

Abstract

The current climate crisis stands as one of humanity's greatest challenges. Climate change, primarily driven by greenhouse gas emissions, is causing a range of adverse impacts on the planet, including rising sea levels, glacier melting, increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, and biodiversity loss. To address this crisis, the international community has entered into several treaties such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement. These treaties establish goals and commitments for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to traditional diplomacy conducted by national governments, states and municipalities also play a significant role in the international climate agenda. This involvement is known as paradiplomacy, characterized by the engagement of subnational entities in international affairs. In the context of climate issues, the ability of federative states to engage in negotiations and concrete actions is leveraged to contribute effectively to mitigation and adaptation efforts. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of the state of Espírito Santo in the international climate agenda. The research methods include literature review and document analysis. The examination of Espírito Santo's involvement in the international climate agenda reveals significant participation in paradiplomatic actions, contributing to the promotion of sustainability and international cooperation in addressing the climate crisis. This is evident through the state's engagement in various initiatives, such as joining the UN Global Compact, participating in the global campaigns "Race to Zero" and "Race to Resilience" by the UN, involvement in the Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI), hosting climate centered events, and collaborating with other states and municipalities. The presence of Espírito Santo in this scenario underscores the importance of subnational entities in crafting effective and sustainable solutions for the climate crisis