Enfermagem, gênero e capital: a necessária efetivação de direitos fundamentais trabalhistas por meio de políticas públicas de reconhecimento

Abstract

This work analyzes the work situation experienced by nurses in the current Brazilian scenario and, for that purpose, performs a historical review in search of the origins of the realization of nursing as an individually specialized professional category, with the construction of its own knowledge and science. From an analysis of the social division of labor and the separation of society into classes, caused by the elaboration of a State that is servant to the Market, it is analyzed how nursing maintains a relationship and in what position it was situated in the midst of the growing power of Capital. The work also permeates issues related to the various historical oppressions of the male gender over the female gender, mainly suffered by women who are inserted in health care. From Christian activity of charity and atonement for sins, to practices considered as magic, derived from the devil, passing through the notion of art and, finally, science, women have always been at the forefront in what can be called the act of Caring. The work, based on Karl Marx's historical-dialectical method, analyzes these different historical narratives, with the aim of bringing to light the possible existence of a historically and sexually situated oppression in the context of a capitalist society. This oppression, in turn, has a deep relationship with the scrapping of the labor rights of the professional nursing category. Finally, based on the theory of recognition, developed by Axel Honneth, it is dedicated to understanding that the struggle for recognition of certain labor rights, especially the thirty-hour working day and the elaboration of a minimum wage, are not restricted to a search for better economic conditions, but rather the possibility of full recognition of these professionals, thus realizing human dignity