Habitus patriarcal e violência obstétrica: biologização do social, controle patriarcal dos corpos e violação dos direitos fundamentais das grávidas, parturientes e puérperas

Abstract

Obstetric violence, a common practice in Brazilian hospitals and maternity hospitals, is any action against the dignity and integrity of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. This research sought to answer whether, based on Bourdieu's theoretical conceptions about habitus and Saffioti's construction on the patriarchal racist-capitalist system of domination-exploitation, it is possible to affirm that patriarchal habitus prevails over science and scientific evidence in Brazilian obstetric practice? To this end, the incidence of obstetric violence in the country was contextualized, considering the maternal mortality rate and the consequences of poor childbirth assistance, in the public and private sectors; We sought to correlate the theories of Bourdieu and Saffioti about habitus, male domination and the patriarchal racist-capitalist system of domination-exploitation, with the culture of obstetric violence in the country; It was analyzed, from the perspective of feminist bioethics, how the patriarchal habitus is attached to the history of childbirth medicine, in the construction of Foucault's biopolitics and, even in the control of specially vulnerable bodies; and, finally, it was analyzed whether outdated care practices, routinely applied in Brazilian births, are based on science or patriarchal habitus. The study noted that many childbirth care practices are not scientifically effective and, therefore, patriarchal habitus prevails over science. Brazilian women are routinely subjected to interventions that mutilate and hurt them not to ensure the success of childbirth, but because they are women and, therefore, reproduction is seen as their main function, no matter what it costs to their own bodies. Obstetric violence is even more common against the most vulnerable pregnant women - black and poor -, since they are seen as inferior reproducers, because they are also dominated and exploited by racism and capitalism, respectively