O significado do comunismo na teologia política de Carl Schmitt e de Francisco Campos

Abstract

The jurist Francisco Campos, Minister of Justice of the Brazilian state system, was respon-sible for translating Getúlio Vargas's political aspirations into a legal-political framework of excep-tion, ultimately sustained by the Federal Constitution of 1937.Thus, a new State model was con-solidated, based on a political project centered on authoritarian nationalism and anti-communism.The political response to protect the Brazilian nation against the 'grave threat' represented by the 'red danger' was the creation and operation of a violent repressive national security apparatus, composed mainly of the National Security Law, the National Security Court and a Political Police.This criminal framework that repressed the 'political crime' was based on the logic of exception, and allowed not only to abolish individual rights and guarantees, but also to impose the death penalty on 'the heads' of insurrectionary attempts (art. 2º, LSN/38).This article intends to contrib-ute to the study of part of the legitimating narrative of the forceful repression to Communism in the “Estado Novo”. To do so, it will use methodological premises derived from Critical Criminol-ogy and Critical DiscourseAnalysis.Several social instances contributed to engender a series of negative symbolic representations on Communism; the modest purpose of this research is to in-vestigate the images produced by two of these instances to maintain that Communism was the internal enemy to be harshly repressed in Brazil: Political Theory and Catholic Theology.As the theological-political vision of Carl Schmitt is received in Brazil by Francisco Campos to legitimize the forceful repression of Communism, the structure of the article in two parts in a dialogue on the subject between the two Catholic jurists and political politicians in question is justified; in addition,some final critical considerations will be mentioned.KeywordsPolitical Theology. Carl Schmitt. Francisco Campos. Communism.1. INTRODUÇÃOPesquisadores da Primeira Era Vargas1afirmam que esse período -es-pecialmente a ditadura estadonovista (1937-1945) -foi legitimado por uma ide-ologia nacionalista-autoritária cujo principal objetivo foi o de implantar o ca-pitalismo industrial no Brasil. Tal ideologia almejava promover um consenso social, com o intuito de fazer crer que todos os brasileiros eram “filhos” de uma mesma mãe (a Pátria brasileira), cidadãos de uma mesma forma superior de organização social, regidapor relações pacíficas e harmônicas e cujos valores, 1Exemplificadamente: Ludwig Lauerhaus Jr., Rogério Dultra dos Santos, Elizabeth Cancelli, Jar-bas Medeiros, Adalberto Paranhos, Lúcio Flávio Rodrigues de Almeida, Rodrigo Patto de Sá, Mariana Cardoso Ribeiro, Marly Vianna, Reynaldo Pompeu Campos, Marilena Chauí, Eliana Dutra, Marcos Tarcísio Florindo, Angela Maria de Castro Gomes, Diego Nunes, Ricardo Silva.